Chlorella, ¿un potencial biofertilizante?

Chlorella, a potential biofertilizer?

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Las microalgas son organismos fotoautótrofos con un rápido crecimiento y la habilidad de adaptarse a diversos ambientes. Convierten el dióxido de carbono en biomasa y debido a esto, se considera que tienen gran potencial biotecnológico. La biomasa algal puede usarse en la industria alimenticia y de compuestos bioactivos, en la producción de biocombustibles, en la bioremediación y biofertilización. Como biofertilizantes, las microalgas clorofitas y cianofitas, producen polisacáridos (mucílago) que pueden evitar la erosión, mejorar la estructura y el contenido de material orgánica de los suelos, y aumentar la concentración de iones en los cultivos. Reduciendo de esta forma la necesidad de fertilizantes químicos convencionales. El uso de estas microalgas como biofertilizantes se denomina algalización. Durante este proceso se usan principalmente clorofitas por su alta tasa de crecimiento, la facilidad de su cultivo a gran escala, y su adaptación a las condiciones del suelo. El género Chlorella es de gran interés porque diversos estudios han mostrado que puede ayudar en la fijación del nitrógeno, mejorar las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo, y producir sustancias que promueven el desarrollo de la planta y el control de infecciones. Por esta razón, las microalgas del género Chlorella representan una alternativa viable para la biofertilización, generando beneficios no solo para la producción agrícola sino también para el medio ambiente.

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